University of Southern California

The Story of Everything

Bubble Chamber

At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland, scientists accelerate protons close to the speed of light to study the fundamental building blocks of nature. The high-energy collisions between protons produce a variety of exotic particles, such as quarks, leptons, and muons. These infinitesimally small objects can only be observed by the trails they leave in chambers filled with liquid hydrogen. High-speed cameras capture the tiny bubbles created by these subatomic particles, providing the only evidence of their ephemeral existence.